Biodiversity hotspots are excellent examples of species diversity. Eastern himalayas is one of the two biodiversity hotspots in india. Nearly half the world s vascular plant species and onethird of terrestrial vertebrates are endemic to 25 hotspots of biodiversity, each of which has at least 1500 endemic plant species. The loss and degradation of biodiversity negatively affects every level of the planet, especially the poor and vulnerable. May 07, 2010 the world s 34 recognized biodiversity hotspots only cover 2. Sadly, human activity has seen typical extinction rates increase by 100. About 5,150 plant species and 1,837 animal species are endemic to.
It has lost at least 70 percent of its original natural vegetation. Hotspot areas for biodiversity and ecosystem services in montados report 2010, from wwf. The loss and degradation of biodiversity negatively affects every level of the planet. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities nature. Biodiversity hotspots in india is an important topic for the ias exam and is under upsc mains gsiii syllabus. This article is a qualitative as well as a quantitative advance on a preliminary effort5,6, which limited itself to vascular plants in 18 hotspots. Permission is granted to copy, distribute andor modify this document under the terms of the gnu free documentation license, version 1.
Top 10 countries in biodiversity sustainability for all. Nearly 45,000 species of plants and twice as many of animals have been recorded from india. Hotspots, which have played a central role in the selection of sites for reserves, require careful rethinking. The word biodiversity describes the richness of an area in terms of its genes, species and ecosystems. Bucharest287englinking geospatial free and opensource technologies. In 2011, the forests of east australia region was identified as the 35th biodiversity hotspot. To qualify as a biodiversity hotspot, a region must meet two strict. Basically biodiversity is the total number of genes, species and ecosystems of a region. Earths biologically richest and most endangered terrestrial ecoregions, the twelfth title in a collection devoted to these purposes, and the fifth in a series produced in collaboration with conservation international and agrupacion sierra madre.
Although not entirely free from criticism, the hotspot approach has played an important role in conservation prioritization. The country is made up of over 7,100 islands making it a biologically rich country. They are also areas with a high diversity of locally endemic sp. A user guide references on biodiversity offsets have recently been produced by organizations such as the. Remaining natural vegetation in the global biodiversity hotspots. Biodiversity refers to the variety and variability among all groups of living organisms and ecosystem complexes in which they occur. We carried out a global examination of distributions of all nonmarine mammals to determine patterns of species richness, endemism, and endangerment, and to evaluate the degree of congruence among hotspots of these three measures of diversity in mammals. Biodiversity hotspots list of high impact articles ppts.
While hotspots are spread all over the world, the majority are forest areas and most are located in the tropics. Western ghats one of the two biodiversity hotspots in india. This hotspot occurs at the juncture of mountain systems where precipitation can vary tremendously due to a com bination of topography, climate, and hydrology. Conserving biodiversity hotspots could bring worlds poor. The variability among living organisms from all sources including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they are part. This entails defining the term biodiversity hotspot and offer solutions on the global efforts aimed at curbing biodiversity loss. Global mammal distributions, biodiversity hotspots, and conservation gerardo ceballos and paul r. Nearly half the worlds vascular plant species and onethird of terrestrial vertebrates are endemic to 25 hotspots of biodiversity, each of which has at least 1500 endemic plant species.
Areas which exhibit high species richness as well as high species endemism are termed as hot spots of biodiversity. Apr 27, 2019 as a result, there is a need for protection of these biodiversity hotspots. Earths biologically richest and most endangered terrestrial ecoregions and a paper published in. Are there many different routes to becoming a global biodiversity. Endemic speciesspecies that are only found in one particular locationare also found in hotspots. Some areas in the world, such as areas of mexico, south africa, brazil, the southwestern united states, and madagascar, have more biodiversity than others. A biodiversity hotspot human impact mammals in the philippines the phillipines is one of the worlds most threatened biodiversity hotspots theres only about 7% of its original, closed canopy forest left about 14% of the original vegetation is in various. These sites support nearly 60% of the worlds plant, bird, mammal, reptile, and amphibian species, with a. Areas which exhibit high species richness as well as high species endemism are. A relatively small number of countries 17 have less than 10%. Biodiversity and conservation although india h as only 2. Only about 5% of natural habitats remain in relatively pristine condition, with another 10 to 25% of the land in damaged, but ecologically functional, condition. In philippines, many of the endemic species are found in forest fragments that currently cover 7% of the original hotspot that existed hitherto.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled gnu free documentation license. A biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region with significant levels of biodiversity that is threatened by human habitation norman myers wrote about the concept in two articles in the environmentalist 1988, and 1990 revised after thorough analysis by myers and others hotspots. Geographic distribution of biodiversity healingearth. The british biologist norman myers coined the term biodiversity hotspot in 1988 as a biogeographic region characterized both by exceptional levels of plant endemism and by serious levels of habitat loss.
The cepf strategy recognizes local communities and their organizations as the ultimate custodians of the biodiversity of the east melanesian islands hotspot, with the support of national and international nonprofit organizations, universities and private companies, and within an enabling regulatory and institutional context established by government. Jon purdy ccbyncsa a biodiversity hotspot is a biologically rich region that is deeply threatened by human activity. The worlds 34 recognized biodiversity hotspots only cover 2. The number of species threatened with extinction far outstrips available conservation resources, and the situation looks set to. Thar desert the climate and vegetation in this area is a contrast to the himalayan region. India has four out of thirtyfour global biodiversity hotspots, which is an indicator of high degree of endemism of species in india. Biodiversity and biodiversity hotspots biodiversity.
Biodiversity hotspots department of agriculture, water and. More about australias 15 national biodiversity hotspots. Cepf is an alliance of leading conservation donors that provides grants to nonprofit and privatesector organizations that are working to protect the biodiversity hotspots and improve human wellbeing. Today, there are 35 biodiversity hotspots that have been identified around the world 2. Dec 20, 2011 scientists identify and mobilize to preserve biodiversity hot spots around the globe in an effort to preserve ecosystems that support a rich range of plant and animal life. Conservation international, a nonprofit environmental organisation based in washington dc, has identified more than 30 biodiversity hotspots around the world, including one in the southwest of western australia. Jan 20, 2017 where are biodiversity hotspots located. A biodiversity hotspot is a region with a high level of endemic species that have experienced great habitat loss.
This opens the way for a silver bullet strategy on the part of conservation planners, focusing on these hotspots in proportion to their share of the worlds species at risk. Harald hoyer ccbysa top 10 biodiversity hotspots 2. The state of the worlds biodiversity for food and agriculture. Biodiversity hotspots distribution and protection of conservation. Biodiversity hotspots in india byjus free ias prep. Most globally significant biodiversity hotspots lie firmly within the tropics or in the mediterranean climate zones of the world, such as california. Springer, heidelberg description biodiversity hotspots are a method to identify those regions of the world where attention is. Indoburma is one of the most threatened biodiversity hotspots, due to the rate of resource exploitation and habitat loss. Global mammal distributions, biodiversity hotspots, and.
Apr 18, 2012 10 of the worlds most threatened biodiversity hotspots april 18, 2012 by natalie mayer in biodiversity, ecotourism. Biodiversity and biodiversity hotspots iasmania civil. Bucharest287englinking geospatial free and opensource technologies with big data in biodiversity research webmhd. This article will discuss the major biodiversity hotspots in india.
Areas with extremely high levels of biodiversity are called hotspots. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Around the world, 36 areas qualify under this definition. Chilika this wetland area is protected under the ramsar convention. Places with the highest levels of biodiversity in the world tend to be concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions. Ledec lead ecologist, world bank and sally johnson consultant, world bank, under the guidance of magda lovei practice manager, world bank. Even on a weekday, its full of people taking a stroll, playing soccer or chatting with friends on the neatly mowed grass. May 06, 2017 this feature is not available right now. Pdf evaluating global biodiversity hotspots very rich and even. Scientists identify and mobilize to preserve biodiversity hot spots around the globe in an effort to preserve ecosystems that support a rich range of plant and animal life. As part of its commitment to global biodiversity conservation, cemex one of the largest cement producers in the world publishes hotspots revisited. In order to qualify as a biodiversity hotspot, according to conservation international, a region must contain at least 1,500 species of vascular plants 0.
A biodiversity hotspot is a region with a high amount of biodiversity that experiences habitat loss by human activity. The biodiversity hotspots are 35 biogeographical regions that have both exceptional endemism and extreme. From indonesia to madagascar, brazil to southeast asia, a majority of conservation internationals global field offices are located in or near biodiversity hotspots. Accordingly, 34 biodiversity hotspots have been so far identified. The term hotspot was introduced in 1988 by norman myers. A biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region with significant levels of biodiversity that is. The second convention organized at johannesburg in 2002 called world summit on sustainable development wssd where the biodiversity and sustainable ecosystem management was the issue. To ensure conservation of biodiversity sustainable use of biodiversity rational and equitable share of profit to accrue from use of genetic resources. There are currently 34 biodiversity hotspots in the world. Biodiversity hotspots are regions with high species richness and a high degree of endemism. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities ciencia viva. A relatively small number of countries 17 have less. This paper explores biodiversity hotspots, the case of philippines.
Many global organizations are working to conserve these biodiversity hotspots, such as the world wildlife foundations global 200 and the critical ecosystem partnership fund. Aspirants can also download the notes pdf at the end of the article. Author links open overlay panel christian marchese. That is what makes our country one of the 12 mega diversity countries of the world. We continue to work to protect these places for the benefit of people around the world. Whats more, conservation international is an investor in the critical ecosystem partnership fund.
To qualify as a hotspot, a region must meet two strict criteria. Ppt biodiversity powerpoint presentation free to download. These hot spots support nearly 60% of the worlds plant, bird, mammal, reptile, and amphibian species. It is evident that highertaxon richness patterns can be combined to create even better surrogates for overall species diversity. Our remarkable biodiversity at a glance worlds largest populations of cheetah and free roaming black rhino, and increasing populations of other globally threatened mammals two global biodiversity hotspots the sperrgebiet in the succulent karoo biome and the namib. Our diversity hotspots cannot be equated to the biodiversity hotspots normally mentioned in the conservation literature, as the latter usually consider also aspects of species traits and identity. The international conservation has classified the philippines as one of the biodiversity hotspots in the world. Biodiversity is defined as the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part. Aspirants will also find the list of iucn endangered species. Biodiversity of india, biodiversity hotspots of india pmf ias. Biodiversity hotspots are areas that support natural ecosystems that are largely intact and where native species and communities associated with these ecosystems are well represented.
There are also countless people bicycling on the wide, paved roads. Biodiversity and its conservation are among the main global topics in science and. Biodiversity hotspots are geographic areas that contain high levels of diversified species, but are threatened with extinction. Warner senior technical specialist, world bank and guy parker wychwood biodiversity prepared most of the case study material. The terrain forms topographic channels that funnel seasonal monsoon rains up. Biodiversity hotspots are due to poor maintainence and conservation, preservation, alimentation, resources and mutual sustained maintainence.
557 392 778 1185 1333 1260 1587 112 756 860 1199 395 1060 909 1065 127 822 691 173 1252 473 673 1333 1160 1493 149 1399 71 344 1572 1291 919 712 1000 863 341 1089 47 844 1326 201 562 225 1459